اسم الکتاب : البيان (The Prolegomena To The Quran) المؤلف : الخوئي، السيد ابوالقاسم الجزء : 1 صفحة : 3
al-Khui and the Twelver Shi’ites
AI-Khu’i’s Early Life and Education
Ayatollah al-Sayyid AbU al-Qasim al-Khui (b. November 1899), the author
of this work, The Prolegomena to the Quran, was the highest religious
authority for the second largest community of Muslims, the Twelver
Shiites. Twelver Shiites follow the line of twelve Imams after the
Prophet Muammad (d. 632). The last of these Imams disappeared in the
tenth century c.E., only to return at some future date as the Mahdi, the
messianic deliverer. To his Shiite followers, al-Khui, like other
learned, pious scholars of the Shi’a, was a general deputy of the last
hidden Imam, invested with the juridical-religious authority to guide
the community, pending his return as the messianic leader. As such, he
was one of the most widely acknowledged Shi’ite scholars in this
century.
Following his early education in his birthplace, Khoi, in Azerbaijan,
Iran, in 1911 he joined his father, al-Sayyid Ali Akbar al-Musawi, who
had migrated to Najaf the previous year, after the violent conflict over
the goals of the 1906 Constitutional Revolution in Iran.1 Here, at the
age of thirteen, he started his formal religious edu cation in Arabic
studies (grammar, syntax, and rhetoric), logic, theology (kalam),
Quranic exegesis (tafsir), traditions (Hadith), legal theory (usul),and
applied law (fiqh). In the traditional centers of Shiite learning, both
in Iraq and Iran, the curriculum for attaining the status of mujtahid
(juristconsult) comprised three levels: the preliminaries(muqaddamat),
the technicalities (sutuh), 2 and the advanced studies (bahth
al-kharij). Depending on the students talents and intellectual
preparation, the final stage-namely, bahth al-kharij (comparable to
advanced graduate studies) can be reached within a span ofnine to ten
years.
Al-Khui followed the academic course of highly talented Shiite youths
and achieved advanced standing within a short time. By 1918 he was
engaged in graduate studies to enable him to teach Islamic sciences in
the colleges of the city of Najaf. Najaf, the site of the mausoleum of
the Shiite Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (d. 660) in southern Iraq, has been the
center of traditional Shiite scholarship in theology, philosophy, and
jurisprudence for over a thousand years. Moreover, it is famous for its
اسم الکتاب : البيان (The Prolegomena To The Quran) المؤلف : الخوئي، السيد ابوالقاسم الجزء : 1 صفحة : 3