society's perfection is a virtue, and deviation of each of themcausing degeneration of individual or society is considered as a vice.

On this account, there are vicious and virtuous attributes asmany as man's instincts and desires, just as there are physica ldiseases as many as different systems of body and itscomponents.

The figure mentioned in traditions and narrations of theProphet's Household A. S. for moral virtues is much more thanfour. For example, in a well known tradition at the beginning ofOsoul Kafi, it is narrated from Imam Sadegh A. S. in respect to" hosts of intellect and ignorance", the number of intellect andignorance hosts is counted to be 57, most part of which areamong moral virtues or vices.

Scale for evaluation of good and bad morality

Not all of moral concepts are clear and obvious. Of course, some concepts such as bravery, generosity and self sacrifice are so clear that nobody doubts in their virtue, and their opposite side( fear, stinginess and selfishness )are obviously among the vices.

But some others may be discussed and doubted in view ofbeing a virtue or a vice. Thus, we can not pursue morald iscussions without having a clear evaluation scale.

For instance, nowadays some of materialist scientists like" Bertherand Russel" suggest: if performing an action, whatsoever it may be, does not cause a loss for the others, we donot have any reason for condemning it, and we can not condemnan action only for being tabooed( something which religion orcustom regards as forbidden with no reason )and called obscene