composed of antagonistic powers. In one hand, rebell ioussensual desires as well as animal instincts and inclinations invite him to insolence, aggression to the rights of others, sensuality and lechery, lie and treachery, and on the other hand, the powers of intellect and cognition, humanistic affections and conscience call him to philanthropy, chastity, honesty and virtue.

Struggle of these powers exists in all men and relativedo minance of one of these factors causes men to be incompletely different levels in view of humanistic values, andincreases the distance of man's" ascending" and" descending" curve. Once he becomes superior to the nearest- stationed angels, and once he becomes more inferior to the most dangerousp redator animals!

This fact is also deduced from several traditions. Forinstance, Imam Ali A. S. says:.

«انَّ اللَّهَ خَصَّ الْمَلَكَ بِالْعَقْلِ دُونَ الشَّهْوَةِ وَ الْغَضَبِ، وَ خَصَّ الْحَيواناتِ بِهِما دُونَهُ وَ شَرَّفَ الْانسانَ بِاعْطاءِ الْجَمِيعِ فَانِ انْقادَتْ شَهْوَتُهُ وَ غَضَبُهُ لِعَقْلِهِ، صارَ افْضَلَ مِنَ الْمَلائِكَةِ لِوُصُولِهِ الى‌ هذِهِ الرُّتْبَةِ مَعَ وُجُودِ الْمُنازِعِ» ..

God granted to the angel only intellect, without lust andwrath, and gave to the animals only lust and wrath, without intellect, but ennobled man to granting all of these. So if his lust and wrath are controlled and ordained by his intellect, he will be superior to the angels, because he has achieved such station despite of existence of an opposing power.. [1]

But it should be noted that instincts and dispositions andlusts in an original, natural and balanced form not only are not harmful, but also will be essential means for continuation of life.

In other words, as no useless and idle limb is created in the

[1]Naraghi ,Jameossaadat 76 /1